Poland’s VAT Act requires businesses to record invoices individually with the contractor’s NIP in VAT registers, while fiscal receipts can serve as simplified invoices only if they include the buyer’s VAT number. Under transitional rules, such receipts are allowed outside the National e-Invoicing System (KSeF) until the end of 2026, after which all simplified invoices must be issued through KSeF f... Read more

Switzerland's VAT includes a standard rate of 8.1%, reduced rate of 2.6% for essentials, and special rate of 3.8% for accommodations. Potential future increases may finance defense spending. VAT (Mehrwertsteuer / TVA / IVA) is one of Switzerland’s most important indirect taxes. It is added by the seller to the price of most goods and services and paid to the authorities. Unlike in EU countri... Read more

Cyprus will temporarily reduce the VAT rate on certain electricity supplies from 8% to 5% for households and specific users, effective from 1 May 2026 to 31 March 2027 under Decree No. K.D.P. 167/2026. Cyprus has announced a change to its value-added tax (VAT) schedule, lowering the reduced VAT rate on certain electricity supplies. According to Decree No. K.D.P. 167/2026, published in the Officia... Read more

Fiscalization refers to the integration of hardware and software systems to electronically document and report sales transactions to tax authorities, ensuring compliance with tax regulations. It involves mandatory components like fiscal printers, fiscal memory, and communication modules, along with an e-document system for managing receipts and invoices. Read more

An invoice documents transactions between suppliers and recipients, while a digitized version is an e-invoice. Malaysia's e-Invoice system requires electronic submission of invoices, credit notes, debit notes, and refund notes for tax compliance and fraud reduction. A document that shows the transactions between a supplier and a recipient is called an invoice. An invoice that has been digitized wo... Read more

Electronic Sales Records (EET 2.0) relaunches in January 2027 for selected entrepreneurs, focusing on physical payments. It introduces a simpler design and permits the use of existing equipment. Challenges include maintaining consistent data between physical and online sales. Preparations should include mapping payment methods and systems, creating workflow maps, and ensuring cash register updates... Read more

France will transfer VAT rules from the General Tax Code (CGI) to the new Code of Taxes on Goods and Services (CIBS) from September 1, 2026, modernizing the legal structure without changing core VAT principles. While the reform mainly reorganizes legislation for greater clarity and consistency, businesses will need to update systems and processes during a transitional period where both frameworks... Read more

Belgium has extended the grace period for mandatory implementation of the GKS 2.0 certified POS system until 30 June 2026 due to insufficient system availability, allowing businesses to choose between early adoption, registration, or temporary use of GKS 1.0. Read more

Qatar has not implemented a 5% VAT, lacking refund schemes for tourists and businesses. Companies face customs duties, excise taxes, and withholding taxes, while awaiting future VAT compliance requirements. Qatar has not yet implemented Value Added Tax (VAT), despite years of planning a 5% VAT system under the GCC framework. As a result, no tax refund schemes currently exist for tourists or busine... Read more

North Macedonia has extended the temporary 10% reduced VAT rate on certain fuel products until April 20, 2026, requiring businesses to continue applying and reflecting the rate correctly in pricing and invoicing. North Macedonia’s Tax Authority has prolonged the temporary reduced VAT rate of 10% on certain fuel products. The measure, originally set to expire on April 6, will now remain in fo... Read more

The purpose of this document is to present rules regarding payment methods used in Slovakia, with the focus on modern payment media from the fiscalization perspective. Read more

Spain has introduced temporary energy tax relief measures effective from March 21, 2026, reducing VAT on electricity from 21% to 10% and lowering other energy-related taxes to mitigate rising costs for households and small businesses amid geopolitical tensions. In response to soaring energy prices triggered by geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, particularly the ongoing conflict in Iran, the... Read more

In 2026, Estonia's standard VAT rate is 24%, with reduced rates of 9% for specific goods and 0% for exports. Businesses must register for VAT when turnover exceeds €40,000, with a streamlined digital application process. In 2026, the standard VAT rate in Estonia is 24%. This rate applies to the vast majority of goods and services, including retail trade, online sales, advisory, marketing, IT, and... Read more

Qatar lacks VAT and a tax refund scheme for visitors, resulting in final retail prices without tax surcharges, contrasting with neighboring countries. VAT may be introduced in 2026. The absence of VAT and a tax-free refund scheme for visitors is a feature of Qatar's tax policy rather than a flaw in the system. Since Qatar does not yet have a value-added tax, there is nothing to be reimbursed upon... Read more