E-invoicing allows businesses to exchange invoice data electronically, improving tax compliance and efficiency, though it is not mandatory in the U.S. The government is gradually promoting its adoption, with initiatives like the Business Payments Coalition and the Federal Reserve testing a B2B exchange network.
Understanding Digital Reporting and e-Invoicing in the USA
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Author: Ivana Picajkić
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Fiscal subject related
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Content accuracy validation date:
14.03.2025
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08:11h
Digital reporting (e-reporting) involves submitting tax-related data electronically to the IRS, while e-invoicing allows businesses, suppliers, and tax authorities to exchange invoice information automatically. Many modern ERP systems can extract and format invoice data for tax reporting, audits, and dispute resolution.
Many countries are adopting real-time tax compliance to reduce fraud and tax evasion. They require e-invoicing to track transactions and participants while also improving business efficiency by reducing errors and saving time on manual processing.
E-Invoicing in the USA
Unlike other countries, e-invoicing is not mandatory at the federal or state level in the U.S. However, businesses can use it voluntarily to improve tax compliance. The IRS provides identification numbers, but they are not required on electronic invoices. The U.S. government is gradually encouraging e-invoicing, including through the Business Payments Coalition (BPC) and the Federal Reserve, which tested an exchange network for B2B transactions in 2022.
What are the types of e-Invoicing in the USA?
- B2B e-Invoicing: Used by businesses to improve transaction speed and accuracy,
- B2G e-Invoicing: Some states and government agencies require suppliers to submit invoices electronically for faster processing,
- B2C e-Invoicing: Common in retail and services, allowing businesses to provide digital invoices instantly.
Who must use e-Invoicing?
No general requirement for businesses.
Some government contractors and suppliers must submit e-Invoices in states that mandate it.
The rules vary by state and industry.
How does E-Invoicing work in the USA?
- Generating and Sending Invoices
Since there are no official U.S. guidelines, businesses use different methods, such as automated systems or PDF invoices via email.
Free e-invoicing software is available to create invoices, which should include key details like business and client names, invoice numbers, dates, payment terms, and sales tax if applicable.
A clear numbering system helps organize and retrieve invoices efficiently.
- Receiving and Processing Invoices
Businesses may face system compatibility issues, making it difficult to open certain electronic invoices.
Many companies use e-invoicing service providers to ensure invoices are accessible, often using a four-corner model like PEPPOL, where both the buyer and seller have a provider.
While not required by law, the U.S. government is taking steps to promote digital invoicing, particularly in B2G transactions. In 2015, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) encouraged federal agencies to adopt e-invoicing, but it remains optional.
E-invoicing can simplify tax compliance, improve efficiency, and reduce manual work, making it a valuable tool for businesses looking to streamline their processes.
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